Human iPSC banking: barriers and opportunities

Table 2 Brief overview of iPSC banks worldwide

Bank Name	Location	Profit Type	Ownership	Types of Diseases	Number of iPSC Lines	Investment (USD)	Related Publication
California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM)	USA	Non-profit	Government-owned	23	1556	$3000,000	[51,52,53]
Coriell Institute for Medical Research (Coriell)^a	USA	Non-profit	Government-owned	40	91	$4,250,000 from NIH $10,000,000 from CIRM	[54,55,56]
Fujifilm Cellular Dynamics International (FCDI)^b	USA	Profit	Owned by Fujifilm	N/A	N/A	$16,000,000 and shared grant of $6,300,000 from CIRM	[57,58,59,60,61]
Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)	Japan	Non-profit	Government-owned	10	22	$27,383,000	[62,63,64,65,66,67]
European Bank for induced pluripotent Stem Cells (EBiSC)	Europe	Non-profit	European Commission, private enterprises	36	815	EBiSC project- $38,423,189 EBiSC2 project- $9,931,047	[68,69,70,71]
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Initiative (HipSci)	UK	Non-profit	Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust	15	835	$20,500,000	[72,73,74,75,76,77]
Human Disease iPSC Consortium Resource Center (Taiwan Human Disease iPSC Consortium)	Taiwan	Non-profit	Government-owned	20	78	N/A	[78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94]
Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN)	Japan	Non-profit	Government-owned	68	480	$24,862,180 for all departments	[95,96,97,98]
Korean National Stem Cell Bank (KSCB)	Korea	Non-profit	Government-owned	0	15	N/A	[99, 100]
WiCell Research Institute (WiCell)	USA	Non-profit	University of Wisconsin-Madison	58	1316	N/A	[101,102,103,104]

^aCoriell has its own iPSC depositories: (1) NIGMS Human Genetic Cell Repository (15 healthy donor-derived iPSC lines and 37 diseased iPSC lines); (2) NIA Aging Cell Repository (3 diseased iPSC lines); and (3) Allen Institute for Cell Science. By using CRISPR technology, the Allen Institute generates 36 fluorescent-tagged (EGFP/RFP) iPSC lines from one healthy donor, which produces a potent research tool by tagging different cellular organelles, proteins and compartments. Owing to Coriell’s expertise in cryopreservation and banking, Coriell was awarded with $10 million grant by CIRM to redeposit donor samples and iPSC lines from the Human iPSC Initiative project
^bFounded by James Thomson and now acquired by Fujifilm, FCDI is renowned for its episomal reprogramming technique. Unlike other banks, FCDI generates diverse iPSC-derived differentiated/progenitor cells that are available for purchase: iCells and donor-specific MyCells. Although FCDI does not function as an iPSC bank that offers iPSC lines, it partners with CIRM in carrying out two iPSC projects: (1) CIRM gave FCDI a grant of $16 million to generate 3 iPSC lines per person from 3000 healthy and diseased donors from the Human iPSC Initiative project; (2) the FCDI and Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) together received $6.3 million from CIRM. FCDI aims to generating 250 iPSC lines and their cardiomyocytes derived from Caucasian and African-American donors to study left ventricular hypertrophy

ISSN: 1423-0127