The functional roles of IGF-1 variants in the susceptibility and clinical outcomes of mild traumatic brain injury

Table 7 Basal characteristics of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients stratified by the presence or absence of multiple neuropsychiatric symptoms

Characteristics	Patients without any neuropsychiatric symptoms^c	Patients with multiple neuropsychiatric symptoms^c
Number of subjects	61	18
Gender: Female, no. (%)	39(63.9)	16 (88.9)
Age (years)^a	37.21 ± 15.04	42.22 ± 16.06
Range	20~83	20~75
Cause of injury, no. (%)
Transportation accidents	31 (50.8)	8 (44.4)
Falls	22 (36.1)	7 (38.9)
Other	8 (13.1)	3 (16.7)
GCS^b	15 [15~15]	15 [15~15]
GOSE^b	8 [7~8]	6 [6~7]
BAI^b	2 [1~4]	18 [12~26.75]
BDI^b	2 [1~5]	17.5 [14.25~19]
DHI^b	4 [0~16]	52 [38.5~65.5]
PSQI^b	5 [4~6]	11 [10~14]
Serum IGF-1 (ng/mL)^a	177.7 ± 83.40	147.4 ± 69.87

^amean ± standard deviation. ^bmedian [interquartile range]. GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, GOSE Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale, BAI Beck Anxiety Inventory, BDI Beck Depression Inventory, DHI Dizziness Handicap Inventory, PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, IGF-1 Insulin-like growth factor 1. ^cPatients without any neuropsychiatric symptoms were indicated by lower scores on all questionnaires (BAI ≤7, BDI ≤9, DHI ≤30, and PSQI ≤8); Patients with multiple neuropsychiatric symptoms were indicated by higher scores on all questionnaires (BAI > 7, BDI > 9, DHI > 30, and PSQI > 8)

ISSN: 1423-0127