Table 1 Herpesvirus lncRNAs

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1)

Latency Associated Transcripts

Alpha

LATs

8.3

6.3

2.0

1.5

+ other species

Multiple controversial roles in virus reactivation efficiency, latency establishment, miRNA precursor

[2, 3]

Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV)

Latency Associated Transcripts and MDV small RNAs

Alpha

LATs/MSRs

10

2.2

1.8

1.5

0.5

2.7

Antisense to ICP4

[4, 5]

Human Cytomegalovirus (hCMV) noncoding RNAs

Beta

RNA5.0

RNA4.9

RNA2.7

RNA1.2

5

4.9

2.7

1.2

Abundant, anti-apoptosis (2.7); interaction with cellular repressors (4.9)

[6,7,8,9]

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

BamHI-A rightward transcripts

Gamma

BARTs

Multiple species

4–8

Abundant, miRNA precursor

[10,11,12]

Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Virus (KSHV)

Polyadenylated Nuclear RNA

Gamma

PAN RNA

1.1

Facilitates viral late gene expression via nuclear RNA export; interaction with cellular epigenetic modifiers; interaction with viral latency protein

[13,14,15,16,17,18]

KSHV Antisense to latency transcript

Gamma

ALT

10

Unknown, Antisense to latency associated transcripts

[19, 20]

KSHV Transcript 3.0

KSHV Transcript 1.2

Gamma

T3.0

T1.2

3.0

1.2

Unknown, both transcripts antisense to ORF50 but not inhibitors of K-Rta expression, may encode small viral peptides

[21]

KSHV Transcript 1.4

Gamma

T1.4

1.4

Important for lytic DNA replication

[22, 23]

Rhesus Rhadinovirus (RRV) Polyadenylated Nuclear RNA

Gamma

RRV PAN RNA

1.3

Nuclear RNA export; can complement KSHV PAN RNA mutant

[18, 24]

Equine Herpesvirus 2

(EHV-2) Polyadenylated Nuclear RNA

Gamma

EHV-2 PAN RNA

1.9

Unknown; putative PAN RNA homolog with sequence homology to KSHV PAN expression and nuclear retention element (ENE)

[24]

Bovine herpesvirus 4

(BHV4) L1.7 RNA

Gamma

L1.7 RNA

1.5

Unknown, abundant, non-coding cytoplasmic RNA, some features similar to other PAN RNAs but has no ENE

[24, 25]