Table 6 Comparison of methods used for quantitative mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) detection (Adapted from ref. [300])
Technique | Detection | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|---|
PCR/histology | Transplanted-cell specific DNA sequences or antigens | High sensitivity No need to label the cells | Need animal sacrifice, biopsy, Postmortem samples from patients |
Optical imaging | Fluorescent dyes/proteins | High throughput Good for longitudinal studies | Small animals only, Low resolution, Non-stable |
Flow cytometry | Fluorescent dyes/proteins | High specificity, Quantification of live cells | Preclinical use only |
MRI | Contrast agents | Clinically useful High spatial resolution Whole-body scanning | Quantification is difficult Cytotoxicity of certain labeling agents |
Radionuclear | Radioisotope labels | Quantification feasible using SPECT Whole-body scanning High sensitivity | Limited spatial resolution Ionizing radiation |
FND | Fluorescence | Large animal models (pigs) PK/PD of transplanted cells Biodistribution of transplanted cells Background-free imaging Single-cell detection sensitivity High throughput quantification No interference with cell potency | Need animal sacrifice |