Fig. 1

Geographical distribution of CHIKV lineages during 1952–2020 and that of its primary mosquito vectors. Different CHIKV lineages are represented by distinct colored symbols. The map also shows the distribution of the primary CHIKV mosquito vectors. Areas shown in pink indicate the range of Ae. aegypti, those shown in yellow indicate the range of Ae. albopictus, and the range of both primary vectors is indicated in orange. The range of both primary vectors was obtained from [16]. Distribution of chikungunya virus data were obtained from a number of studies [9, 17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51]