Biological effects | EMF | Bio-system | Field strength or SAR | Exposure | References # |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oxidative stress | 15 μT | Vicia faba L | 15 μT | 8 h/d × 8 days | [30] |
Expression of microRNA | 2.4 GHz | Rat brain | 2420 μW/kg | 24 h/d × 12 months | [31] |
Reduction of oxidative stress | 10 kHz | Maize | 3mT | 6 h/d × 4 days | [32] |
Reduction of oxidative stress | 900 MHz | Rat | 0.18 W/kg | 1 h/d × 21 days | [33] |
Reduction of oxidative stress | 60 Hz | Chick embryos | 8 μT | 20 min | [34] |
Inflammation | 1–100 Hz | Mice | 1–100 Gauss pulsed | 30–45 min | [35] |
Inflammation | 27.12Â MHz | Human after breast surgery | 591Â V/m pulsed | 30Â min | [36] |
Mitochondrial enhancement | 918 MHz | AD mice | 0.25–1.05 W/kg, pulsed | 2 h/d × 1 month | [37] |
Neuronal activity | 918 MHz | AD mice | 0.25–1.05 W/kg, pulsed | 2 h/d × 2 months | [38] |
β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition | 918 MHz | AD mice | 0.25–1.05 W/kg, pulsed | 2 h/d × 7 to 9 months | [39] |
Osteoarthritis | 37 and 75 Hz | Guinea pigs | 3mT pulsed | 6 h/day × 6 months, pulsed | [40] |