Fig. 4

Functional representation of the 23 risk model genes revealed the relevance to the immune response. A Volcano plot showing the DEGs between tumor and normal samples in TCGA dataset (nCOAD = 334, nNormal = 39) regarding the risk model genes. B Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the 23 risk model genes. Significantly enriched GO terms (p < 0.05) are shown. Gene ratio = percentage of input genes involved in the pathway/percentage of all the pathway genes. p-value is calculated by fisher’s exact test. C Volcano plot showing the DEGs between high-risk group and low-risk group of COAD samples in TCGA dataset (nHigh-risk = 167, nLow-risk = 167), Significant DEGs is highlighted by adjusted p < 0.05 and |log2(fold change)|> 1. D Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the significant DEGs in C. Significantly enriched GO terms (p < 0.05) are shown. Gene ratio = percentage of input genes involved in the pathway / percentage of all the pathway genes. p-value is calculated by fisher’s exact test. E Boxplot indicating the immune score (calculated from ESTIMATE) in risk score-stratified groups (Low or High). p-value is calculated by unpaired two tailed t test. F, G Relative cell population ratio (estimated from CIBERSORTx) of the indicated immune cell types in risk score-stratified groups. p-value is calculated by unpaired two-tailed t test