Fig. 3
From: Intimate communications within the tumor microenvironment: stromal factors function as an orchestra
Epigenetic regulation of the immune response in the tumor microenvironment. DNA methylation and histone modification regulate the tumor immune response in the TME. The epigenetic mechanisms of DNA methylation induced by DNMT, transcriptional suppression by EZH2, and HDAC play crucial roles in immune-related signal inactivation, immune cell recruitment, antigen processing and presentation, and immune cell exhaustion by suppressing the expression of ERVs, MHC I genes, antigen processing machinery, and cancer testis antigens in the TME. TME: tumor microenvironment; IFNs: interferons