Fig. 1

Construction of the TMEindex. A Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes between high-ImmuneScore group and low-ImmuneScore group. B Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes between high-StromalScore group and low-StromalScore group. C Gene modules identified by WGCNA. D Correlation analysis between gene modules and ImmuneScore/ StromalScore. Strongly correlated modules (|correlation coefficients|> 0.6, P < 0.05) are marked with black frames. E LASSO regression and stepwise regression for determining the final model. Venn plot shows the number of intersection genes between WGCNA and DEG analysis. These genes were further input into LASSO regression. The Y-axis shows LASSO coefficients and the X-axis is − log2(lambda). The genes obtained from LASSO regression downscaling were further input into stepwise regression to determine the TMEindex