Fig. 1
A. muciniphila ameliorates intestinal inflammatory and ER stress and endotoxemia in DSS-induced colitis. The indicated groups of wild type (WT, C57BL/6J) mice (n = 5–10/groups) were pre-treated with A. muciniphila (AKK) or Veh (PBS) followed by DSS or Veh (H2O) treatment as described in the "Methods". Plasmas and colon tissues were collected for protein and RNA extractions for the following analysis. A Mouse body weight (%) at day-0 to day-14. B Representative histological images of distal colon tissues by H&E staining as described in the Additional file 1: Supplemental Methods. Scale bars, 275 μm. C Immunoblotting analysis of ER-stress markers phospho-JNK, JNK, phospho-eIF2α, and loading control β-actin in the colon tissues of Veh/DSS or AKK/DSS treated mice. D mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL1β, and IL-6 in the colons of Veh/Veh, Veh/DSS or AKK/DSS treated mice. E Plasma endotoxin (LPS) concentrations from the Veh (PBS)/Veh (H2O), Veh/DSS or AKK/DSS treated WT mice. F Homocysteine in the plasmas of Veh/DSS or AKK/DSS treated WT mice determined by metabolomics analysis. Results represent the means ± SD. The two-tailed Student’s t-test was used for statistical analyses of two-group comparisons. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus controls