Table 5 Ongoing phase 3 trials for therapies other than anti-amyloid/tau treatment
From: Clinical trials of new drugs for Alzheimer disease: a 2020–2023 update
Agent | Mechanism of action | Target type and therapeutic purpose | ClinicalTrials.gov identifier | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
ATH-1017 (fosgonimeton) | Enhance the activity of hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor | Neuroprotective; disease-modifying therapy | NCT04488419 | Recruiting |
AR1001 | Inhibit phosphodiesterase 5 protein | Cognitive enhancer | NCT05531526 | Recruiting |
BPDO-1603 | Undisclosed | Cognitive enhancer | NCT04229927 | Unknown |
Buntanetap | Suppress the translation of the mRNAs of neurotoxic aggregating proteins | Neuroprotective | NCT05686044 (Phase 2/3) | Not yet recruiting |
Caffeine | Antagonist of adenosine receptors | Cognitive enhancer | NCT04570085 | Recruiting |
Hydralazine hydrochloride | (1) Activate the Nrf2 pathway, (2) rejuvenate mitochondria, (3) activate autophagy | Neuroprotective | NCT04842552 | Recruiting |
KarXT(xanomeline-trospium) | Muscarinic receptor agonist | Cognitive enhancer | NCT05511363 | Recruiting |
Masitinib | Tyrosine kinase inhibitor | Anti-inflammatory | NCT05564169 | Recruiting |
Masupirdine | Selective 5‐HT6 receptor antagonist | Neuropsychiatric symptom (agitation) | NCT05397639 | Recruiting |
Metformin | Antidiabetic | Cognitive enhancer | NCT04098666 (Phase 2/3) | Recruiting |
Nabilone | Partial agonist of cannabinoid receptor 1 & 2 | Neuropsychiatric symptom (agitation) | NCT04516057 | Recruiting |
NE3107 | Blood–brain permeable anti-inflammatory insulin sensitizer that binds ERK | Anti-inflammatory | NCT04669028 | Active, not recruiting |
Nilotinib | Tyrosine kinase inhibitor | Neuroprotection | NCT05143528 | Not yet recruiting |
Piromelatine | Melatonin MT1 Feb Mar and serotonin 5-HT-1A JanD receptor agonist | Cognitive enhancer | NCT05267535 (Phase 2/3) | Recruiting |
Semaglutide | Synthetic, long-acting analog of glucagon-like peptide-1 | Neuroprotection | NCT04777396 | Active, not recruiting |
NCT04777409 | Active, not recruiting | |||
Tricaprilin | Semisynthetic medium-chain triglyceride; alternative energy substrate for the brain | Cognitive enhancer | NCT04187547 | Enrolling by invitation |