Fig. 2

Enhanced antibacterial activity and permeability of Tha-PA90. A The antimicrobial activity of Thanatin or Tha-PA90 against A. baumannii ATCC 19606 was determined. Exponentially grown cells were exposed to the indicated concentrations of Tha-PA90 or Thanatin. Data are presented as mean \(\pm\) SD (n = 3). Significance is indicated as *p < 0.0118, **p < 0.0095, n.s: not significant. B Membrane-penetrating activity of Tha-PA90 against A. baumannii ATCC 19606 was assessed through the NPN uptake assay. Bacterial cells were treated with none (control), PA90 (2 μM), a mixture of Thanatin and PA90 (Thanatin + PA90; 2 μM each), or Tha-PA90 (2 μM). EDTA was used as a membrane-disrupting chelator. The experiment was repeated three times. Significance is indicated as *p < 0.0124, ***p < 0.0005, ****p < 0.0001, ns: not significant