Fig. 2

Perturbations of membrane-related lipids. Heatmap profiles of the significantly changed lipids at i 0.25 h, ii 1 h, iii 4 h and iv 24 h. Polymyxin B alone and the polymyxin B/rifampicin combination predominantly altered the fatty acids and glycerophospholipids of PAO1 at 0.25, 1 and 4 h. Few fatty acids were perturbed by either monotherapy or the combination at 24 h. Lipids were putatively annotated with reference to accurate mass. PB polymyxin B, RIF rifampicin, COMBO polymyxin B/rifampicin combination. Significantly changed metabolites were identified with > 1.0 and < − 1.0 log₂FC and FDR ≤ 0.05