Fig. 2

The types of autophagy. autophagy can be divided into selective autophagy and non-selective autophagy according to nutritional status. Selective autophagy, which is mediated by specific receptors, can be further divided into the ubiquitin-dependent and independent autophagy. Furthermore, selective autophagy has been well characterized and classified according to the type of targeted cargo. For instance, nucleophagy (nuclei), ferritinophagy (ferritin), pexophagy (peroxisomes), lysophagy (lysosomes), xenophagy (intracellular pathogens including bacteria, fungi and viruses), mitophagy (mitochondria), lipophagy (lipid droplets), reticulophagy (endoplasmic reticulum), aggrephagy (protein aggregates)